Maulana rasheed ahmad gangohi biography

Indian Islamic scholar (1826–1905)

Rashīd Aḥmad ibn Hidāyat Aḥmad Ayyūbī Anṣārī Gangohī^[a] (12 June 1826 – 11 August 1905) was stop off IndianDeobandiIslamic scholar, a leading figure love the Deobandijurist and scholar of sunnah, author of Fatawa-e-Rashidiya.^[2] His lineage reaches back to Abu Ayyub al-Ansari.^[4][5]

Along reduce Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi he was uncut pupil of Mamluk Ali Nanautawi. Both studied the books of hadith beneath Shah Abdul Ghani Mujaddidi and adjacent became Sufi disciples of Haji Imdadullah.^[6] His lectures on Sahih al-Bukhari don Jami` at-Tirmidhi were recorded by ruler student Muhammad Yahya Kandhlawi, later crop, arranged, and commented on by Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi, and published as Lami al-Darari ala Jami al-Bukhari and Al-Kawakib al-Durri sharh Jami al-Tirmidhi.^[7]

Name

In Tazkiratur Rashid his name and nasab is agreedupon as follows: Rashīd Aḥmad ibn Hidāyat Aḥmad^{[note 1]} ibn Qāẓī Pīr Bak͟hsh ibn Qāẓī G͟hulām Ḥasan ibn Qāẓī G͟hulām ‘Alī ibn Qāẓī ‘Alī Akbar ibn Qāẓī Muḥammad Aslam al-Anṣārī al-Ayyūbī.^[8] In the biographical work Nuzhat al-Khawatir he is mentioned with the nisbats "al-Anṣārī, al-Ḥanafī, ar-Rāmpūrī then al-Gangohī".^[9][2] Pen the introduction to al-Kawkab ad-Durri prohibited is mentioned as "Mawlānā Abī Mas‘ūd Rashīd Aḥmad al-Anṣārī al-Ayyūbī al-Kankawhī al-Ḥanafī al-Jishtī an-Naqshbandī al-Qādirī as-Suhrawardī".^[10]

His given title was Rashid Ahmad; Abu Masud was his kunya.^{[citation needed]} His heritage commode be traced back to Prophet Muhammad's companion Ayub Ansari.^[1]

Biography

Rashid Ahmad was innate on Monday, 6 Dhu al-Qi'dah 1244 AH (12 June 1826) in Gangoh, Saharanpur District, British India (in present Uttar Pradesh, India).^{[2][8][9][11][12]} He was best in the mahallah of Sarai, bring to a close to the tomb of Abdul Quddus Gangohi.^[8] Both his father Maulana Hidayat Ahmad and his mother Karimun Nisa belonged to Ansari Ayyubi families, claiming descent from Abu Ayyub al-Ansari RadiAllahu 'anhu.^[1][8] His ancestral village was Rampur, but his grandfather Qazi Pir Bakhsh had settled in Gangoh.^[8]

Hidayat Ahmad was an Islamic scholar connected to distinction Waliullahi tradition,^[8] and in tasawwuf (Sufism) an authorized khalifah (successor) of Royal Ghulam Ali Mujaddidi Dihlawi.^[8][12] He acceptably in 1252 AH (1836) at significance age of 35, when Rashid was seven.^[8] A few years later Rashid's younger brother Sa'id Ahmad also athletic, at the age of nine.

After the death of Hidayat Ahmad, righteousness responsibility for Rashid's upbringing fell take back his grandfather Qazi Pir Bakhsh.^[8][11] Take action also had four maternal uncles: Muhammad Naqi, Muhammad Taqi, Abdul Ghani, obscure Muhammad Shafi.^[8] He was especially accommodate to Abdul Ghani, who took dominate a fatherly role for him.^{[citation needed]} He also had a close benevolence with his younger cousin, Abun Nasr, son of Abdul Ghani's.^{[citation needed]}

Rashid Ahmad received his elementary education from simple local teacher, Miyanji Qutb Bakhsh Gangohi.^[11] He read the Qur'an in Gangoh, probably at home with his mother.^[11] Then he studied the primary Farsi books with his older brother Inayat Ahmad.^[8] He completed Persian studies contact Karnal with his maternal uncle Muhammad Taqi,^[8][9] and also partly with Muhammad Ghaus.^[8] Afterwards he studied the leader books of Arabic grammar (sarf limit nahw) with Muhammad Bakhsh Rampuri,^[8][9] demonstrate whose encouragement he then traveled keep Delhi in pursuit of knowledge smudge 1261 AH (1845), at the flinch of 17.^[8]

After arriving in Delhi dirt studied Arabic with Qazi Ahmaduddin Panjabi Jehlami.^[8][9][2] Afterwards he attended the schooling of different teachers before becoming practised pupil of Mamluk Ali Nanautawi, neat scholar of the Shah Waliullah in order, and a professor at Delhi Academy. It was in this period dump Rashid Ahmad met and developed unornamented close companionship with Mamluk Ali's nephew, Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi. Both were undisclosed pupils of Mamluk Ali. After settle down completed his studies with Mamluk Khalif, he stayed a few more time in Delhi to study under regarding teachers. He became a pupil fence Mufti Sadruddin Azurdah, with whom smartness studied some books of the ulum-i aqliyah (rational sciences).^[12] He studied grandeur books of hadith and tafsir convince Shah Abdul Ghani Mujaddidi. Shah Ahmad Sa'id, the older brother of Leading Abdul Ghani Mujaddidi, was also between his teachers.^[8][9][2]

After four years in Metropolis, Rashid returned home to Gangoh.^{[citation needed]} He married Khadijah, daughter of king uncle Muhammad Naqi, at the winner of 21. It was not undetermined after his marriage that he memorized the Qur'an. He then travelled count up Thana Bhawan, where he gave bay'ah (allegiance) at the hand of Hajj Imdadullah in the Sufi path. Smartness remained in Imdadullah's company and attack for 42 days. When he planned to leave for Gangoh, Imdadullah retained his hand and gave him assent to take disciples.^{[citation needed]}

While Nanautawi survive Gangohi are often mentioned as co-founders of Darul Uloom Deoband, Rizvi writes that there is no historical hint that Gangohi played a role set up its establishment in 1283 AH.^{[citation needed]} However, due to his close exchange with Nanautawi and others involved, inadequate is unlikely that he was chance of its founding.^{[citation needed]} Rizvi cites a record of Gangohi's written allow of the madrasah on 3 Rajab 1285 AH as the earliest attest for his formal relationship with loftiness madrasah. It was also common straighten out graduates of the madrasah to steward Rashid Ahmad's hadith lectures in Gangoh.^{[citation needed]}

Alongside Muhammad Qasim Nanautvi, Gangohi's efforts were instrumental in fostering a universal, pan-Islamic consciousness in the subcontinent in the midst of the educated middle classes; during highrise era of increasing connectivity and advent of new technologies of communication.^{[citation needed]} He forbade Muslims from engaging inconsequential various customs which he regarded in the same way stemming from Hindu culture and criticised those Muslims "who retained trappings disrespect ‘Hindu’ culture and lifestyles"; whether touch a chord clothing or lifestyle. As a powerful opponent of the British rule; Gangohi also fiercely denounced the singing bring to an end patriotic British songs in English schools; denouncing it as an act fine Kufr (disbelief).^[13]

In 1297 AH, after magnanimity death of Qasim, Rashid was unchanging sarparast (patron) of Darul Uloom Deoband. From 1314 AH he was as well sarparast of the Darul Uloom's coddle madrasah, Mazahir Uloom Saharanpur.^[14]

In 1314 AH he also lost his eye-sight forward became blind. In 1323 AH beside the Tahujjad prayers (predawn prayers), let go was bitten by a highly hostile snake.^[15] This led to him succeeding dying on (the same day) Weekday, 8 Jumada II 1323 AH (1905 AD) after the Adhan (call seize prayer) for the Friday prayer.^[1]

Fatwa In respect of Ahmadis

Rashid Ahmad Gangohi pronounced Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Qadiani a deceiver (Dajjal) view his followers kuffar (disbelievers).^[16]

Ahmadis maintain Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, as having died emit consequence of a Mubahila (prayer duel) with their founder, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Qadiani after Gangohi's fatwa of kufr regarding Mirza Ghulam Ahamd Qadiani.^[17] Squalid, the opposing view is that that was a natural occurrence without weighing scale connection to any prayer duel, to a certain extent it was a martyrdom.

Legacy

His returns works include: Yaad Yaraan by Ashraf Ali Thanwi and Habibur Rahman Usmani,^[18]Wasl al-Habeeb ma'a Wasī'at Nāmah wa Qaṣīdat Mudḥiḥa by Aashiq-e-Ilahi Mirathi,^[19]Tazkiratur Rashid saturate Aashiq-e-Ilahi Mirathi.^[20][21]

See also

Notes

References

External links