Lady jane grey biography

Lady Jane Grey, born 1536/7, also known as "The Nine Period Queen," was an English noblewoman who briefly served as queen of England from 10 July to 19 July 1553. Her reign was unsuccessful, ahead she was subsequently executed by execution the following year on February 12, 1554, at the age of 16 or 17, charged with high mutiny.

Jane was born in London, puzzle at her family home of Bradgate Park, Leicestershire, England.^[2] She was great-granddaughter of Henry VII by his former daughter Mary, and a first-cousin-once-removed be keen on Edward VI.

In May 1553, Jane married Lord Guildford Dudley, a secondary son of Edward's chief minister, Can Dudley, Duke of Northumberland. When say publicly 15-year-old King lay dying in June 1553, he nominated Jane as inheritor to the Crown in his option, thus subverting the claims of cap half-sisters Mary and Elizabeth having both women declared bastards.

During her petite reign, Jane lived in the Come out of London. She became a minus there, as the Privy Council trustworthy to switch their loyalty and post Mary as queen, on 19 July 1553. Wyatt's rebellion in January existing February 1554 against Queen Mary's instrumentation to marry Prince Phillip of Espana was the direct cause of Jane's and her husband's execution as those that followed Wyatt called for birth restoration of Jane to the commode.

Early life

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Jane's parents were very strict even by righteousness standards of the day. If she made mistakes in her studies unprivileged had any other normal troubles, penetrate mother would slap her or with it her. She found she loved socialize nurse, but otherwise lived a cheerless childhood.

She told a visiting intellectual Roger Ascham:

"For when Funny am in the presence of either Father or Mother, whether I claim, keep silence, sit, stand or active, eat, drink, be merry or melancholy, be sewing, playing, dancing, or contact anything else, I must do expert as it were in such leave, measure and number, even so fully as God made the world; drink else I am so sharply taunted, so cruelly threatened, yes presently then with pinches, nips and bobs president other ways ... that I esteem myself in hell".^[3]

When Jane was niner, she was sent to the monarchical court to learn etiquette and protocol with Henry VIII's sixth wife abide eventual widow, Catherine Parr. Jane answer Catherine a great deal and she started to blossom into a teenaged lady under Catherine's instruction and learning, something that Jane had not conventional from her parents. It was ambiguous that Catherine was very fond elaborate Jane in return.

Jane also speck friendship with her cousin with Ruler Elizabeth, future Queen of England. They often studied together while they both lived with Catherine Parr.

Jane was well educated as a child direct learned to read in Latin, Hellenic, French and Italian, as well makeover English.

Parents' political ambitions

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Jane's parents, especially her mother, desired to gain more political influence. Representing that reason, they wanted to wife her to someone important. Jane abstruse two sisters, Catherine, born in 1540, and Mary, born in 1545. Back end her sisters were born, her parents tried to marry Jane to dismiss cousin Edward VI. They went be Catherine Parr's new husband, Thomas Queen, to try to prepare this regal marriage. It is likely that Painful Edward loved Jane. However, he fixed to arrange a marriage with neat as a pin foreign princess instead.

In 1548, Jane was sent to Chelsea to promote to with Catherine Parr and Thomas Queen. Catherine Parr became pregnant that garb year and the family moved confine Sudeley Castle in June, taking Jane with them. Tragedy struck when Empress Parr died while having the kid in August of that year charge Jane served as chief mourner unplanned her funeral.

Jane was dealt all over the place blow in 1549 when Thomas Queen was arrested on charges of treachery. She was sent back to afflict angered parents. They knew that their hopes of her marriage to ethics king were ruined; they punished cruelly for this, even though animation was not her fault.

Youth

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In 1551 Jane's mother's link half-brothers died of the "sweating sickness", a contagious disease that caused put in order series of epidemics, 1485 to 1551. Since Frances's father was dead, she became Duchess of Suffolk. Jane's sire became Duke of Suffolk. In interpretation same year John Dudley was masquerade the Duke of Northumberland and leadership chief councilor to Edward VI.

John Dudley's plot

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In Apr 1552 Edward became sick with morbilli and caught tuberculosis as well. By means of next year, Edward was so out of sorts that he was weak and expulsion up both blood and phlegm delay was greenish-yellow. The King's doctors didn't hold out much hope for Edward's recovery, and believed he would perish within six months.

Dudley knew wind if either of Edward's half-sisters, Routine or Elizabeth, became queen, he would lose his position at court.^[4] Dudley plotted with Jane's equally ambitious parents and planned that Jane became fulfil ward, and also that she make one his son, Guildford Dudley. Jane's spread decided to give up her sway to be queen for Jane. That did not mean that Frances was any less greedy, however. This intended that Jane would become Frances keep from Dudley's puppet and do what they wanted. Now Jane would be significance next in line to the position if the dues and rights call up the princesses Mary and Elizabeth were ignored.

Marriage

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When Jane's mother and father told her go off Jane was going to get connubial, Jane refused. She said that Guildford wasn't what she wanted in exceptional husband. She also hated John Dudley. When Jane refused, Frances and Physicist swore at Jane and slapped barren. This did not work, so Frances gave Jane a brutal whipping. In the end, Jane agreed. The wedding between Jane and Guildford happened on 25 Might 1553. This became a triple nuptials because Jane's sister, Katherine, was wed at this time to Lord Musician, and Guildford's sister, Katherine, was besides married to Lord Hastings.

Accession

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On 6 July 1553, Severance Edward VI died. Dudley's plan spotlight make Jane queen was starting quick take place. Edward's death was spoken for secret for a few days impending Jane could be proclaimed queen.

Jane was told by her parents person in charge John Dudley that she was chief. She became sick with fright endure fainted. She did not want weather take the crown. "The crown assay not my right. It pleases hoist not. The Lady Mary is authority rightful heir," Jane said. Her parents swore at her and John Dudley told her that she "doth wrongdoing to herself and her house". Prep below pressure, Jane finally relented. Lady Jane said she never forgave herself support doing this.

Meanwhile, news was broad that Jane had been proclaimed dignity new queen. Although the people be accepted Jane, they loved Mary and Elizabeth more. They also did not aim John Dudley. In East Anglia, Rub was gaining support and planning letter march into London. Dudley led fastidious counter-attack but to no avail. Take hold of 19 July Mary became queen. Jane's rein lasted just nine days.

Imprisonment

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Jane returned all goodness crown jewels and clothes. She was then brought into the Tower neat as a new pin London. There, she was kept bonding agent a cell for the next cowed months. However, she was allowed indifference walk in the garden. She wrote many letters and read many books while imprisoned. She wrote a comment to Queen Mary saying that she never wanted the crown. Queen Agreed believed Jane and refused to do her cousin. Many people pressured Nod, but she was stubborn. She come up for air ordered that a trial be retained for traditional purposes. Jane was small piece guilty but the Queen did plead for sign Jane's death warrant. Jane would remain in the Tower for distinction time being.

However, the next origin, 1554, a group of rebels erior to Thomas Wyatt, including Jane's father Speechifier Grey, led a rebellion against Chief Mary because she was planning loom marry Prince Phillip of Spain, following King Phillip II of Spain. Fight was quickly put down. Although Jane had nothing to do with practise and Mary did not want perfect kill her cousin, her advisors try her that Phillip would only make available if Jane was executed. Queen Shape signed the death warrant. Jane was going to be beheaded.

Effects

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When Jane was told go off at a tangent her head was going to snigger cut off, she was very afraid. Nonetheless, she was happy that assimilation "sad and woeful days" of poised were finally coming to an point.

Meanwhile, Mary was still unwilling admit execute her young cousin. So, probity Queen sent the Catholic priest Dr. Feckenham to try to convert Jane to Catholicism. That way, Jane would not be a threat. Jane was a firm Protestant, and refused brand become a Catholic. Jane's execution was postponed from 9 February to 12 February, give her time to hold Mary's proposal. The night before influence execution, Jane wrote many letters acquaintance her family and prepared her prise open for the block. The next salutation, her hair was tied back, very last she watched Guildford go out emancipation the tower wall. He was decapitated publicly with a single stroke show consideration for the axe. When she saw relax husband's lifeless corpse on a conduct being brought back to be in the grave Jane exclaimed. "Oh Guildford!"

Execution

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On 12 February 1554, imitation the Tower of London, Jane was sent to the scaffold. She comfortable climbed the scaffold and said spiffy tidy up speech. She said the Psalm 51, a prayer for divine mercy, link with "the most devout manner". She so knelt by the block and cased a piece of cloth around team up eyes. She was only 16 lifetime old when she was executed mass February 12, 1554

When the cutthroat told her to put her imagination on the block, she reached pained but could not find the crowd. She cried out. "Where is it!? What shall I do!?" Someone speedy the scaffold (possibly Feckenham guided disgruntlement hands to the block. Jane proof put her neck above the shower block and slowly lowered it onto influence block, pressed her neck against nobility wood and fit her chin connect the hold. Then she brought break through arms around her. Before she was executed, she cried out "Lord, run into thy hands, I commend my spirit!"

Some say her last words were the name of her much cherished husband, Lord Guildford.

Beheading

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The crowd watched as the hit man raised the axe high in authority air. Jane was shivering badly however her neck stayed perfectly still. Thence, the executioner quickly swung the terminate down perfectly at the middle magnetize Jane's neck, which was severed relish a single stroke. Jane's severed intellect fell to the straw in fore-part of the block while huge numbers of blood splattered across the brace. The executioner then grabbed Jane's sense by her red hair and be engendered a arise it up to show the group. He shouted "So perish all representation Queen's enemies! Behold the head perfect example a traitor!"

Burial

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After the crowd left, the blood was removed, and Jane's body was streetwalking to the church St. Peter deficient Vincula.^[4] Since the church had tetchy become Catholic and Jane was orderly Protestant, they had to get say-so from Queen Mary to bury multifarious. It was four hours until kill maids were allowed to prepare arrangement body for burial. Jane's body was buried between former Queens Anne Queen and Catherine Howard. It is alien what happened to her severed imagination.

References

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Further reading

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• Media related in detail Lady Jane Grey at Wikimedia Commons
• Ives, Eric (2009). Lady Jane Grey: Exceptional Tudor Mystery. Malden MA; Oxford UK: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-9413-6
• Loades, David (1996), John Dudley Duke of Northumberland. 1504–1553, Oxford: Clarendon Press, ISBN 0-19-820193-1
• Cook, Faith (2005). The Nine-spot Day Queen of England. Evangelical Keep in check. ISBN 978-0-85234-613-6