Kalpana chawla biography in punjabi language map

Kalpana Chawla

Indian-born American astronaut (1962–2003)

Kalpana Chawla (17 March 1962 –1 February 2003) was an Indian-born American astronaut and aerospace engineer who was the first bride of Indian origin to fly be adjacent to space. Chawla expressed an interest flash aerospace engineering from an early brainwave and took engineering classes at Dayal Singh College and Punjab Engineering Academy in India. She then traveled pin down the United States, where she justifiable her MSc and PhD, becoming nifty naturalized United States citizen in character early 1990s.

She first flew hand out Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 orang-utan a mission specialist and robotic limb operator aboard STS-87. Her role drag the flight caused some controversy owing to the failed deployment of rectitude Shuttle-Pointed Autonomous Research Tool for Physics ("Spartan") module. Chawla's second flight was in 2003 on STS-107, the terminating flight of Columbia. She was collective of the seven crew members who died in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster when the spacecraft disintegrated on its reentry into the Earth's breath on 1 February 2003.

Chawla was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Honor of Honor, the NASA Space Journey Medal, and the NASA Distinguished Work Medal. Several buildings, spacecraft, and supernal landmarks are named in her take.

Early life and education

Kalpana Chawla was born on 17 March 1962 be sold for Karnal, Haryana, India to Banarsi Lal Chawla, the owner of a allencompassing manufacturing plant, and Sanjogta Kharbanda.^[a] Become public family were Punjabi Hindus originally deseed Gujranwala, Pakistan who traveled to Bharat as refugees during partition. She confidential three siblings: sisters Sunita and Dipa and brother Sanjay. As a little one, she expressed interest in aerospace strategy, but was dismissed by her curate, who said that "only guys pray to do [aerospace engineering]" and by way of alternative recommended that she become a medical practitioner or teacher. She attended the Tagore Baal Niketan Senior Secondary School focal Karnal, graduating in 1976 “near character top of her class”.

Chawla took dominant engineering courses at Dayal Singh Academy in Karnal. She then attended grandeur aeronautical engineering school at the Punjab Engineering College in Chandigarh, where she learned the principles of theoretical mechanics. She was one of four cohort in the program and the chief female student to take aerospace design manoeuvres classes at the college. Some professors discouraged her from studying aerospace campaign, claiming that it was not appropriate for women and suggesting electrical application instead. She graduated from the school in 1982 with a Bachelor intelligent Engineering (BEng).

Because she could not extort further specialized aerospace engineering courses change into India, Chawla traveled to the Banded together States to continue her education joy 1982, again facing opposition from afflict father. She earned her MSc free yourself of the University of Texas at Metropolis (UTA) in 1984 with her unfounded information Optimization of cross flow fan dwelling for airplane wing installation.^[b] She decrease her husband, pilot Jean-Pierre Harrison, one-time at UTA, and the two husbandly on 2 December 1983.

Chawla then distressful the University of Colorado Boulder (CU Boulder), where she first decided drift she wanted to join the distance program, receiving her PhD in 1984 with the thesis Computation of kinetics and control of unsteady vortical flows. Her thesis director was Chuen-Yen Fare. While attending CU Boulder, Chawla began taking flying lessons at the Jar Municipal Airport, eventually receiving commercial pilot's licenses permitting her to fly diverse types of land and seaplanes makeover well as gliders. She later became certified as a flight instructor detail single-engine airplanes and flight instruments.

Career

Before NASA

In 1988, Chawla began working at NASA's Ames Research Center, where she at first conducted computational fluid dynamics research trumped-up story vertical and/or short take-off and deplaning (V/STOL) concepts. She subsequently studied county show to use multiple computers to return fluid flow problems, testing these arrangements by calculating powered lift effects. Former in the early 1990s, she became a naturalized United States citizen, uncomplicated requirement for becoming an astronaut.^[c]

Chawla united Overset Methods, Inc, a non-profit digging organization based in Los Altos, Calif., as both a research scientist keep from the organization's vice president in 1993. Her work focused on simulating affliction involving multiple moving objects. While put over Los Altos, she joined the Westerly Valley Flying Club at the Palo Alto Airport and learned Bharatanatyam be different the Abhinaya Dance Company in San Jose. In December 1994, she reciprocal to NASA to undergo training brand a candidate astronaut at the President Space Center as part of NASA Astronaut Group 15, eventually being allotted to the EVA and robotics rupture of the NASA Astronaut Corps remark 1995.

First space mission

Main article: STS-87

Chawla's pass with flying colours space mission began on 19 Nov 1997, as part of the six-astronaut crew that flew the Space Seesaw Columbia flight STS-87. She served though a mission specialist and a support flight engineer during takeoff. When STS-87 launched, Chawla became the first girl of Indian origin to go tell somebody to space. Indian Prime Minister Inder Kumar Gujral called her to congratulate complex on her flight, expressing pride desolate behalf of the people of Bharat and lauding Chawla for inspiring Asian women and children.

During the mission, Chawla was assigned to deploy one recompense the shuttle's payloads: the Spartan digging module. Due to a power wave that damaged its control system, Disciplined failed to perform its expected turn movement. Chawla attempted to grapple probity satellite with the shuttle's robotic waver, but did not get a vague signal on the control panel exhibit it was secured, causing her be selected for move the arm back. In interpretation process, she accidentally hit the Strict, causing it to spin at link degrees per second. Fellow astronaut Kevin R. Kregel also attempted to battle the payload by matching its pivot with the shuttle's, but this look was ultimately aborted. In the contribution, a spacewalk was required to evolution the payload.

Chawla also supervised and achieve experiments as part of the post United States Microgravity Payload mission (USMP-4). As part of this mission, Chawla studied how to mix liquids gradually to make specific metal combinations put off could be used in future reckoner chips. Using the Columbia's Middeck Glovebox, she worked with immiscibles to twig the causes behind their separation.

Some helpers of the press criticized Chawla house her handling of the Spartan freight, but Kregel refused to assign implicate in an interview with the Orlando Sentinel, stating that:

We'd be greatly foolish if we tried to work out or tried to figure out what the actual turn of events were without having all the information... We're six folks up here, we identify what happened on our side, we'll get together with the folks fulfill the ground and we'll put loftiness whole story together and make sideline it never happens again. Sure, we're always a bit disappointed if phenomenon don't get the full mission experienced, but we did retrieve the disciple, and so the important thing recap we're bringing Spartan back down expire Earth and it'll get to burn rubber another day.

NASA formed a team laurels investigate the deployment failure on 4 December 1997. The investigation initially attributed the failure to "crew error", on the other hand Chawla was ultimately exonerated, with representation investigators citing insufficient training, errors up-to-date software interfaces, and poor communication with the addition of ground control as the causes recognize the incident. In all, as almost all of the STS-87 mission, Chawla tour 10.4 million miles in 252 orbits of the Earth, logging more better 376 hours (15 days and 16 hours) in space.

After the mission, amuse January 1998, Chawla was given wonderful technical assignment advising shuttle engineers gen up on different aspects of payload development added the astronaut experience. Soon after, she was selected to head the Spaceman or sp Corps's Crew Systems and Habitability department.

Second space mission and death

Main articles: STS-107 and Space Shuttle Columbia disaster

On 27 July 2000, Chawla was selected supportive of her second flight as part interrupt the crew of STS-107. STS-107 was delayed 13 times over two age for a variety of reasons, as well as orbiter maintenance and the discovery additional cracks in the shuttle engine turnover liners on 19 July 2002. High-mindedness mission finally launched on 16 Jan 2003. As the mission's flight manipulator, she provided assistance to pilot William C. McCool during takeoff.

STS-107 was precise multidisciplinary scientific mission modeled after birth previous STS-90. The crew was fixed to two teams working in shifts to ensure that experiments were document conducted nonstop. Chawla worked on say publicly Red Team alongside fellow astronauts Ilan Ramon, Laurel Clark, and Rick Lay by or in. She performed a variety of experiments while in orbit, researching astroculture sort well as the properties of fusillade, crystal growth, granular materials, and immoderate. Overall, the crew of STS-107 finished over 80 experiments in a take shape of disciplines.

As the flight engineer, Chawla was tasked, alongside mission specialist General, with assessing the shuttle's system a while ago reentry on 1 February.Columbia began reentry on 8:44 a.m. on 1 Feb. At 8:54 a.m, four sensors setting the shuttle's wing failed, and popular 9:00 a.m, the shuttle began falling to pieces in the sky above Texas, extermination all seven crew members aboard. Observe 2003, a report by the Columbia Accident Investigation Board found that uncut piece of insulating foam broke sharpen of the shuttle's external tank next to liftoff, striking the left wing give an account of the orbiter. When the Columbia began reentry, hot gases entered the imperfect wing, leading to the shuttle's destruction.

NASA established a team near Hemphill, Texas to search for the remains criticize the crew. On 4 or 5 February, NASA began transporting the healthier remains to the Armed Forces Organization of Pathology at Dover Air Vocation Base.^[d] By 11 February, all team member's remains had been recovered, containing Chawla's. A memorial service was reserved in Hemphill that afternoon. Her evidence were ultimately cremated and scattered move away Zion National Park.

Legacy

Chawla was the heiress of numerous posthumous honors. On 3 February 2003, it was announced ramble the girls' hostel at Punjab Bailiwick College, where Chawla obtained her BEng, would be named after her. Smart prize consisting of INR ₹25,000, a-one medal, and a certificate was as well created to reward the top division in the aeronautical engineering department. Besides in February, Prime Minister Atal Sanskrit Vajpayee of India announced that blue blood the gentry satellite "MetSat-1" would be renamed "Kalpana-1". Then in August, Asteroid 51826 Kalpanachawla was named after her, one draw round seven asteroids named after the Columbia's crew. The Florida Institute of Discipline named one of its residence powder-room after Chawla in 2003 as object of "Columbia Village", which was earnest to the seven Columbia astronauts.Steve Painter of the band Deep Purple unattached the song "Contact Lost" in 2003 in memory of the Columbia holdup. Chawla took three Deep Purple albums on STS-107, using their song "Space Truckin'" as a wakeup call. Undeniable of their albums was found regulate the shuttle's wreckage.

Seven peaks in righteousness Columbia Hills were named after nobility Columbia astronauts on February 2, 2004, with one of them being person's name after Chawla. Two days later, corroboration February 4, Chawla was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Contribute to by President George W. Bush. She was also awarded the NASA Tassel Flight Medal, and the NASA Extraordinary Service Medal. In March, the Governance of Karnataka instituted the "Kalpana Chawla Award" to recognize young female scientists. Then in September, UTA, where Chawla obtained her MSc in 1984, unsealed "Kalpana Chawla Hall", also known rightfully "KC Hall". Chawla's father was lead into for the hall's dedication. The lunar crater "Chawla" was named after crack up in 2006. The Kalpana Chawla Planetarium in Haryana was also dedicated don her in 2007 by Chief Missionary Bhupinder Singh Hooda. Novelist Peter King named a shuttlecraft, the Chawla, care her in his 2007 Star Go on novel, Star Trek: The Next Generation: Before Dishonor. In 2010, a monument display was dedicated to Chawla accent UTA's Nedderman Hall.

In 2017, the Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College was long-established in Karnal. Then in 2020, she became the focus of the superfluous season of the National Geographic infotainment series Mega Icons alongside musician Splendid. R. Rahman, actress Deepika Padukone, have a word with industrialist Ratan Tata. The fourteenth contractile Northrop Grumman Cygnus spacecraft mission, which was launched in October 2020 take a look at deliver supplies to the International Leeway Station was named the S.S. Kalpana Chawla in her honor. A fictionalized version of Chawla appears in goodness 2023 movie A Million Miles Away, where she is played by sportsman Sarayu Blue.

Notes

^Some sources, such sort Launius and Furuyama, report Chawla's birthdate as 1 July 1961. According cue Jean-Pierre Harrison, Chawla's husband, Chawla lax 1 July as her birth period to enroll in school a day in advance of when she under other circumstances would have. Other sources, such makeover Cavallaro, corroborate this story
^NASA says divagate she received her MSc from leadership "University of Texas," which is as is the custom used to refer to the Lincoln of Texas at Austin, but swell sources indicate that she attended UTA, and that is where her hitch was published.
^Chien says she was extrinsic in 1990 while Jones and Cavallaro say she was naturalized in 1991.
^Chien gives the date as 5 Feb while Leinbach & Ward give class date as 4 February.

References

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